材料题根据以下材料，回答1~20题
Trust is a tricky business.On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.On the other hand, putting your 2 in the wrong place often carries a high 3 .
4 , why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good.5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting9 : In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.
11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may12 us.A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13a credible person and a dishonest one.Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container.The tester would ask, "What’s in here?"before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, "Wow!" Each subject was then invited to look 15 .Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty and— realized the tester had 17them.
Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his
leadership.19 , only five of the 30 children paired with the " 20 " tester participated in a follow-up activity.

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材料题根据以下材料，回答21~25题
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?
Don’t dismiss that possibility entirely.About half of U.S.jobs are at high risk of being automated,according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don’t appeal to robots.But many middle-class occupations —trucking, financial advice,software engineering —have aroused their interest, or soon will.The rich own the robots,so they will be fine.
This isn’t to be alarmist.Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past.The Industrial Revolution didn’t go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed.Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work.But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.
The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums - from grammar school to college - should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication.Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots.Online education can supplement the traditional kind.It could make extra training and instruction affordable.Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.
The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S.to revive its fading business dynamism: starting new companies must be made easier.In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines.The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven’t been invented yet.The U.S.needs the new companies that will invent them.
Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought.Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.
Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years,yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts.But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.

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材料题根据以下材料，回答41~45题

A.In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building.The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments.To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.

B.Completed in 1875, the State Department’s south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library （completed in 1876）, Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary’s office decorated with carved wood,Oriental rugs,and stenciled wall patterns.The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.

C.The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation’s foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century —the period when the United States emerged as an international power.The building has housed some of the nation’s most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.

D.Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls.Theodore and Franklin D.Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D.Eisenhower, Lyndon B.Johnson,Gerald Ford, and George H.W.Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president.It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy,21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State.Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

E.The Eisenhower Executive Office Building （EEOB） commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States.Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B.Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.

F.Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing.When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors.Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety.Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.

G.The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid.The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820.A series of fires（including those set by the British in 1814） and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building.In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.

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根据以下材料，回46-50答题
Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama.（46） By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe,the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical.Court,school, organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and （47） no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory_to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.
When Shakespeare was twelve years old the first public playhouse was built in London.For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage.Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St.Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.（48） But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage —where they had played no part since the death of Euripides.（49） A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established,and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.
The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers.We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants.（50） To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

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Directions:
Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony.In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.
You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name at the end of the email.Use “Li Ming” instead.（10 points）

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Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below.In your essay, you should
1）describe the picture briefly,
2）interpret the meaning, and
3）give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.（20 points）

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